Recent advances in molecular biology allow the development and application of different tools and concepts of molecular genetics to diverse areas of knowledge. This workshop intends to provide an overview of molecular genetics applications in a wide variety of areas and with different objectives. A short presentation of the applications and several examples will be presented and used as basis for discussion and analysis in a phenotype vs genotype perspective. The participants will have the opportunity to observe and characterize, in the lab, different phenotypes of plants and fungi and discuss the importance of the molecular genetics and the genotypes analysis.